Bethany, is a Jewish word which
means "the home of the Phoenicians". It has remained known in history
as the homeland of Lazarus the friend of Christ. Although it is a small and
insignificant Palestinian village, it has an important place in the history of
Christianity. It was one of the places for which Christ had a special affection
and would visit frequently. This was due to the strong bonds of friendship that
Jesus Christ had with the family of Lazarus and with the leper who some
believed was the father of the saint.
The invitation of Christ to the
house of Martha and Maria, sisters of Lazarus is a well-known event. While
Martha "was distracted by her many tasks" Maria sat "at Jesus’s
feet and listened to his preaching" (Luke X, 38-42). The event for which
Bethany became renowned was the resurrection of Lazarus (John XI 1-44) through
which the Lord forwarned His own resurrection. This is why the hymns sung
during the Saturday of Lazarus give prime emphasis on the sacrament of the
joint resurrection and then to the memory of the saint.
Other than these two events which took place in Bethany, there are accounts of hospitality extended to Jesus Christis and visits to the home of Simon the Leper (John XII 1-8, Mark XIV 3-9, Matthew XVI 6-13, John XII 9-11, Matthew XXI 17).
Naturally, the miracle of the resurrection of Lazarus aroused the Jews and "the High Priests planned to put Lazarus to death" (John XII 9-11), as he constituted living evidence of the miracle. Therefore the banished saint fled to the island of Cyprus where he encountered the apostles Paul and Barnabas and was ordained as the first Bishop of Citium.
Ancient Citium, home to the philosopher Zeno, had the honour to propagate the teachings of the Lord through a personal friend of Christ. According to Saint Epiphanios, Bishop of Constantia of Cyprus (367-403), the righteous Lazarus lived on for another 30 years after his resurrection.
Historical accounts describe him as sullen and frowning during his lifetime which was due to all that he had witnessed during his 4-day stay in the underworld. The same historical accounts report that he had only smiled once during his lifetime and that was when he saw someone stealing an earthen pot on which he commented aphoristically: "a piece of soil steals another piece of soil".
Another historical account indicates some association of the saint to the salt lake in Larnaka (the present day name of Citium). In the present location of the salt lake there used to be a vineyard. As he was passing by this spot one day the saint felt thirsty and asked for some grapes from the woman who owned the vineyard. She refused and in order to punish her he transformed the enormous vineyard into a salt lake. This account has been confirmed by the workers who collect the salt. They claim to have found roots and branches of the vineyard when digging in the salt lake. Another legend describes the existence of a well with sweet water in the middle of the salt lake, known as the well of "rgas" i.e. the well of the old lady. According to the Synaxarium (Constantinople Biographies of Saints), the lake was contested by two brothers who fought tooth and nail against each other to acquire it. The saint "through prayer drained the lake and reduced its contents to salt".
In the text of "Patria" in Mount Athos, there are strong references associating Cyprus and Saint Lazarus with the Virgin Mary and Mount Athos. Accompanied by John the Evangelist, the Virgin Mary came to Citium where she met Saint Lazarus and offered him a pallium and a pair of maniples before continuing on her way visit Mount Athos.
According to the Constantinople Biographies of Saints, the saint was buried in a marble tomb inscribed with the words "the fourth day Lazarus, friend of Christ". This tomb was later placed in a small church.
In addition to the information provided by Saint Epiphanios regarding the thirty years of Saint Lazarus’s second lifetime, there is an even earlier account according to researchers relating to Saint Lazarus’s stay in Cyprus taken from Saint John of Eu(r)oia, priest and monk of the Patriarchate of Antioch (circa 744). In his speech "On the fourth day Lazarus", the Saint says: "For an old man told me, who was privy to information about the blessed Lazarus through some of the saint’s memoranda, that he became bishop on the island of Cyprus and wore the wreath of a martyr for the sake of Jesus Christ; he executed his duties to the full, stayed on the path of virtue and upheld his faith and is now in perpetual bliss in the company of Christ".
Around the year 744 word spread in Antioch about Saint Lazarus. The information surrounding the death of the saint, as being that of a martyr, became a point of interest.
Other than these two events which took place in Bethany, there are accounts of hospitality extended to Jesus Christis and visits to the home of Simon the Leper (John XII 1-8, Mark XIV 3-9, Matthew XVI 6-13, John XII 9-11, Matthew XXI 17).
Naturally, the miracle of the resurrection of Lazarus aroused the Jews and "the High Priests planned to put Lazarus to death" (John XII 9-11), as he constituted living evidence of the miracle. Therefore the banished saint fled to the island of Cyprus where he encountered the apostles Paul and Barnabas and was ordained as the first Bishop of Citium.
Ancient Citium, home to the philosopher Zeno, had the honour to propagate the teachings of the Lord through a personal friend of Christ. According to Saint Epiphanios, Bishop of Constantia of Cyprus (367-403), the righteous Lazarus lived on for another 30 years after his resurrection.
Historical accounts describe him as sullen and frowning during his lifetime which was due to all that he had witnessed during his 4-day stay in the underworld. The same historical accounts report that he had only smiled once during his lifetime and that was when he saw someone stealing an earthen pot on which he commented aphoristically: "a piece of soil steals another piece of soil".
Another historical account indicates some association of the saint to the salt lake in Larnaka (the present day name of Citium). In the present location of the salt lake there used to be a vineyard. As he was passing by this spot one day the saint felt thirsty and asked for some grapes from the woman who owned the vineyard. She refused and in order to punish her he transformed the enormous vineyard into a salt lake. This account has been confirmed by the workers who collect the salt. They claim to have found roots and branches of the vineyard when digging in the salt lake. Another legend describes the existence of a well with sweet water in the middle of the salt lake, known as the well of "rgas" i.e. the well of the old lady. According to the Synaxarium (Constantinople Biographies of Saints), the lake was contested by two brothers who fought tooth and nail against each other to acquire it. The saint "through prayer drained the lake and reduced its contents to salt".
In the text of "Patria" in Mount Athos, there are strong references associating Cyprus and Saint Lazarus with the Virgin Mary and Mount Athos. Accompanied by John the Evangelist, the Virgin Mary came to Citium where she met Saint Lazarus and offered him a pallium and a pair of maniples before continuing on her way visit Mount Athos.
According to the Constantinople Biographies of Saints, the saint was buried in a marble tomb inscribed with the words "the fourth day Lazarus, friend of Christ". This tomb was later placed in a small church.
In addition to the information provided by Saint Epiphanios regarding the thirty years of Saint Lazarus’s second lifetime, there is an even earlier account according to researchers relating to Saint Lazarus’s stay in Cyprus taken from Saint John of Eu(r)oia, priest and monk of the Patriarchate of Antioch (circa 744). In his speech "On the fourth day Lazarus", the Saint says: "For an old man told me, who was privy to information about the blessed Lazarus through some of the saint’s memoranda, that he became bishop on the island of Cyprus and wore the wreath of a martyr for the sake of Jesus Christ; he executed his duties to the full, stayed on the path of virtue and upheld his faith and is now in perpetual bliss in the company of Christ".
Around the year 744 word spread in Antioch about Saint Lazarus. The information surrounding the death of the saint, as being that of a martyr, became a point of interest.
The thirty-year presence of Saint
Lazarus on the episcopal throne of Citium has also been recorded by Saint
Theodoros of Stoudites (759-826), who reports in his catechitisms: "We
celebrate the anniversary of the death or rather the resurrection of the most
blessed Lazarus, who, after his return from the dead, lived on for a further
thirty years in accordance with the word of God, and served as a bishop".
The exhumation and translation of Saint Lazarus’s remains from Citium to Constantinople commemorated by the Church on the 17th of October of each year, was completed during the year 899/900 following the orders of the byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise.
The exhumation and translation of Saint Lazarus’s remains from Citium to Constantinople commemorated by the Church on the 17th of October of each year, was completed during the year 899/900 following the orders of the byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise.
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| St. Lazarus |
The translation of the holy relics
has been described in great detail in two celebratory speeches delivered by the
Metropolitan of Caesarea Arethas (850-post 932), a disciple of Photios the
Great, while standing in front of the relics and in the presence of the
Emperor. In his first speech, the priest highly commended the arrival of the
the holy relics at Constantinople, while in his second speech he gives a
lengthy description of the procession, participated by the Emperor, during
which the relics were translated from Chrysoupolis to Hagia Sophia in
Constantinople. In exchange for the translation of the relics to
Constantinople, Leo VI sent money and builders to Cyprus to erect the splendid
Church of the Saint, well preserved to this day in Larnaka. Moreover he built a
monastery in Constantinople named after the virtuous Lazarus, which housed the
saint’s remains. Later on the relics of Maria Magdalene were also translated to
this same monastery. During the byzantine years it was customary for the
byzantine Emperor to pray in this monastery on the Saturday of Lazarus.
The Holy Skull of St. Lazarus, Larnaka, Cyprus
It is thought that the remains of
the saint must have been translated to Constantinople in the old marble tomb.
This has been deduced from the fact that the marble tomb which is found today
under the altar of the homonymous church in Larnaka bears the large script
inscription "PHILIOY" (belonging to Philios), while the old one bore
the inscription "the fourth day Lazarus, friend of Christ". On the
23rd of November 1972, some of the remains of the righteous Lazarus were found
in the present shrine.
This indicates that the people of
Citium could not have handed over all the relics to the Emperor. Moreover, in
his orations Arethas mentions "bones" and "dust" not to an
immortal body.
There is also an account originating from a Russian source at Oxford Library which describes a Russian monk from the Monastery of Pskov, who in the 16th century visited the town of Larnaka, bowed before Saint Lazarus’s relics and took a small piece. This piece can be found to this day in the chapel of Saint Lazarus at the Monastery of Pskov. The accessibility of the Russian monk to the Saint’s remains leads to the conclusion that the shrine with the remaining relics was visible to the pilgrims at least until the 16th century. Later on, at an unknown date, the people of Citium concealed them under the altar where they remained until their discovery around the year 1972, following a fire in the church.
There is also an account originating from a Russian source at Oxford Library which describes a Russian monk from the Monastery of Pskov, who in the 16th century visited the town of Larnaka, bowed before Saint Lazarus’s relics and took a small piece. This piece can be found to this day in the chapel of Saint Lazarus at the Monastery of Pskov. The accessibility of the Russian monk to the Saint’s remains leads to the conclusion that the shrine with the remaining relics was visible to the pilgrims at least until the 16th century. Later on, at an unknown date, the people of Citium concealed them under the altar where they remained until their discovery around the year 1972, following a fire in the church.
Archimandrite Lazarus Georgiou
Superior-Priest of the Church
of St. Lazarus in Larnaka
Superior-Priest of the Church
of St. Lazarus in Larnaka
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